[meteorite-list] Asteroid Flyby

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http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/as-asteroid-flies-by-scientists-will-stare/2011/11/02/gIQA8FTngM_story.html


As asteroid flies by, scientists will stare
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By Brian Vastag, Thursday, November 3, 2:35 PM
An asteroid the size of an aircraft carrier will zoom past Earth on Tuesday 
just inside the orbit of the moon.

The space rock poses no danger, as its nearest approach will be a 
comfortable 202,000 miles distant. But the event marks the closest flyby of 
an asteroid this large since 1976, according to NASA.

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Asteroid 2005 YU55 has a name only a scientist could love. They're also 
loving the chance to stare at the nearly round, slowly spinning chunk of 
space debris as it flies by at some 30,000 mph.

"It will be scanned and probed and scanned some more," said Marina Brozovic, 
an asteroid researcher at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Starting Friday, Brozovic will ping the approaching asteroid with radar from 
giant dishes at Goldstone, Calif. She wants to map every crater and boulder 
while refining estimates of the asteroid's path, which swings inside the 
orbit of Venus and then out near Mars, crossing Earth's orbit.

Meanwhile, telescopes in Arizona and Hawaii will analyze light reflected 
from the asteroid to determine more precisely what it's made of. Already 
scientists know it's darker than charcoal, because it's a "C-type" asteroid, 
heavy with carbon and silicate minerals. Astronomers will also look for 
signs of water.

Similar asteroids that have plunged to Earth - called carbonaceous 
chondrites - hold within them amino acids and other building blocks of life.

"These are the objects that probably seeded the early Earth with 
carbon-based materials and water that allowed life to form," said Don 
Yeomans, manager of NASA's Near Earth Object Program, which tracks space 
objects that veer close to our planet.

Since a humble start at a single telescope in the 1980s, NASA's $5 
million-per-year asteroid-tracking program has matured to the point where 
the agency said in September that it has detected more than 90 percent of 
"planet killer" asteroids, those bigger than one kilometer in diameter. None 
will hit Earth in the foreseeable future, the agency has said.

The tracking program detects hundreds of smaller space rocks each year, 
closely watching their orbits. So far, none of those pose a threat either.

In the past, giant asteroids have crashed into Earth and devastated life. 
The most famous, at least seven miles wide, blasted a crater in the Yucatan 
Peninsulasome 65 million years ago, triggering a cataclysm that probably 
wiped out the dinosaurs.

If a space rock the size of 2005 YU55 ever hit Earth, it would explode like 
500 nuclear bombs, trigger a 7.0 magnitude earthquake and, if it splashed 
down in the ocean, generate a 70-foot tsunami, said Purdue University's Jay 
Melosh.

Already, scientists have determined this asteroid poses no threat for the 
next century or so.

Still, they're treating the flyby as a drill, a chance to refine their 
tracking skills. Said asteroid hunter Richard Binzel of MIT: "If one were 
ever found on an incoming trajectory, we'll want to apply all the techniques 
we are learning now."



Phil Whitmer

Joshua Tree Earth & Space Museum